Faced with an increasingly saturated market and a turbulent economic state in China, many luxury brands are seeking to release their marketing resources for residents of second and third tier cities. This includes the prestigious luxury house Hermes. On July 19, the brand launched a WeChat mini program, showcasing its expertise to new Xiamen fans.
Hermès
This is a strategic move, from the choice of location. Located on the coast, Xiamen has been designated as one of the special economic zones of the country. It has become a shopping center for luxury lovers
WeChat Mini program
Enter the latest WeChat Mini program, named Hermès au travail, which is a digital tool enabling consumers to register for an exclusive Hermès event from July 26th to 30th. At the event, fans can have a behind-the-scenes glimpse. At Hermès, the products are handmade and give a rare insight into the transformation of an idea into a real product. The event takes place inside the brand's store, in the Wan Xiang shopping mall, a premier destination for luxury shopping with more than 30 leading brands.
The mini-program offers customers an overview of Hermès' know-how, but it's also an interactive game in which fans can guess the tools used to make their scarves and their iconic handbags. By selecting several tools and reading their use, fans can conceptualize the work needed to make the product. For example, producing 30 colors of a print can take up to 600 hours of work. Once both answers are correct, the customer receives a badge to "prove" their knowledge and potential to become a craftsman. Meanwhile, customers can also register to view a free documentary produced by Frédéric Laffont during the event. The film presents some of the global artisans and techniques they use to make Hermes products.
After four days of publication, the ticket garnered 8,959 page views and more than 41 likes. Last May, Hermes organized an ephemeral two-day flash sale store at Shanghai's Cha House for its fragrance. WeChat was the digital resource for directing visitors to offline events. Both events strengthened the brand's promise to Chinese consumers and continued to offer engaging and informative in-person experiences designed by Hermes.
Given the above, it seems that the new digital strategy Hermes works. In the latest release of its second-quarter results, Hermes announced double-digit sales growth, thanks in part to China.
According to F&B Consumer Insight in China analyzes , 86% of Chinese consumers from tier 1 and tier 2 cites consider food safety before buying the food. Chinese consumers are very cautious about the food products they use, it doesn’t take long for them to stop using a product if a food brand has been under safety incidents. According to survey by Iposos, upto 90% of Chinese consumers prefer edibles without any food additives. As part of wholesome living more than half of Chinese population strictly watch their weight and like to consume food with less calories.
Carrefour Bet on safety in China
Food brands that cater to segments such as; no artificial additives, organic ingredients, low calorie and slimming effect have huge potential in Chinese food market.
“If you were born in the 80s and live in a first- to third-tier Chinese city, chances are you’re into healthy living,” says Tian Tian Mayimin, founder and CEO of Shanghai-based V Cleanse, one of China’s first cleanses companies.
Source https://www.marketingtochina.com/food-in-china-marketing-strategies-for-international-fb-brands-in-china/
China’s Middle Class A Key Driver In Food Safety Improvements
In fact, Chinese customers like to drink wine. The educated and sophisticated Chinese middle class does not hesitate when she wants to buy a drink, she is ready to spend more than $ 300 for a bottle of wine. Since the Chinese economy is coming out of its recent mess, wine consumption is increasing. Not only does per capita consumption increase, but the way in which the Chinese drink wine changes. Consumers are also concentrated in several major cities of the country such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen.
The wine market in China is taking a new level
The wine market in China is taking a new level. The rise of the Chinese middle class and the growth of internal growth have allowed people to develop new needs. China imported $ 1.77 billion worth of wine in the first nine months of 2016, an increase of 19.1% year-on-year. These social and economic changes have allowed the wine market to see its consumption at the top. China is becoming the largest importer of wine, with more than $ 2 billion.
The biggest wine exporters to China
In a few years, China has become the fourth largest market in the world. The biggest wine exporters to China are France, Chile and Aussies. China, the largest population in the world, with a good perspective for international wine producers, appears as the promised land. Now, the most important thing is to find the right way to lead people.
Kindness, Curiosity and Creativity Wellington's approach to
kindergarten in Shanghai. The start of a child’s formal education is a time of great
change and one that is defined by a constant stream of new challenges.
The
start of a child’s formal education is a time of great change and one that is
defined by a constant stream of new challenges.
While this can cause some anxiety initially in some young children, at
Wellington we aim to make this period as exciting, engaging and enjoyable as
possible for every child in our care. Our commitment is to holistically
educating our pupils; so not only do we teach them the vital skills and
knowledge necessary to prepare them for further education and life after
school, but we also instil in them a set of values that will help them lead
happy, successful and fulfilling lives. By helping each Wellington pupil to
understand from an early age the importance of being individual, intellectual,
inclusive, independent and inspired, we hope that these values will remain an
inherent part of their personality for the rest of their lives.
Kindness, Curiosity and Creativity: Wellington's approach to kindergarten in Shanghai
The following sections briefly summarise
the core components to our Pre-Prep educational approach, many of which differ
from comparable international
kindergarten education in Shanghai.
The Curriculum: Giving every pupil the means to succeed
Pre-Prep schooling is an extremely
important time in a child’s development, as it represents their introduction to
formal education and allows them to acquire a wide range of both social and
academic skills. It’s also a new experience for parents, who will see their
children head off to school for the first time and will watch them discover a
world of new opportunities. Throughout the Early Years and KS1, it’s vital that
both teachers and parents work together to encourage their children and help
them adapt to their new learning environment.
Our approach to Early Years teaching
Here at Wellington College International
Shanghai, we follow the UK’s Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum, which is
organised into seven key learning areas. The prime areas focus on a child’s
personal, social and emotional development, their physical development and
their communication and language skills. The remaining areas of the curriculum,
known as the specific areas, focus on their ability to understand the world
around them; their mathematical and problem-solving skills, their creative
talents in expressive art and design and finally their enjoyment of literacy,
which is developed through their exposure to stories, rhymes, songs and poems.
Our approach to KS1 teaching
KS1 is the time we continue to develop
their understanding of the core values as they undertake a change of
curriculum. We follow the UK national curriculum in literacy and mathematics as
well as using an UK approach to the teaching of phonics. We also follow the
International Primary Curriculum (IPC) which is a comprehensive, thematic,
creative curriculum with a clear process of learning and with specific learning
goals for every subject, for international mindedness and for personal
learning.
The IPC has been designed to ensure rigorous
learning, but also to help teachers make all learning exciting, active and
meaningful. Children learn basic key skills in history, geography, ICT, art,
technology and science, which introduce them to all disciplines and help them
form the beginning of their own learning journey.
By ensuring children are exposed to a wide
range of subjects, we allow them to experience things they may have previously
overlooked. This, in turn, may well influence later academic subject choices.
At this stage, our pupils will also start
to develop formal methods for recording mathematical calculations. All KS1
children take part in mental mathematics challenges, concrete mathematical
experiences and learn to record their findings more formally.
Mathematics
activities are designed to be fun, challenging and have a real purpose, with an
emphasis on problem solving. Children have opportunities to revisit different
areas of mathematics each half term and build on previous knowledge. Basic
concepts are cemented at this crucial stage and become the building blocks for
all future learning.
Faculty: Instilling the right attitude towards learning
Every child in the Pre-Prep School has a
class teacher and teaching assistant. In pre-nursery, due to the age of the
children, we have three teaching assistants in the classroom. The class teacher
teaches the main parts of the curriculum and leads the pastoral role. The class
teachers are supported by other specialist teachers, who take a larger role as
the children get older. This allows children to become familiar with a variety
of adults, which promotes their independence and adaptability skills.
All our class teachers are trained to the
highest standards and are experienced in teaching the English curriculum. Many
of our teachers have degrees in Early Years and primary education, which are
supplemented by formal teaching qualifications. As with other international kindergartens in
Shanghai, the teaching body of our staff reflects the international
profile of our pupils, with teachers joining us from Europe, America, Asia, Australia
and New Zealand. We ensure that our teaching staff embody the values and high
expectations of Wellington, while encouraging them to bring their own
personality and interests into the classroom, in order to make them effective
holistic educators.
Creative
learning opportunities and events
Alongside a robust yet flexible curriculum,
our younger pupils are also exposed to a wide range of truly engaging
opportunities to take learning outside of the classroom. From exciting music
and theatre productions, to whole-school events designed to draw the Wellington
community together, Pre-Prep pupils are given every chance to take their
learning to entirely new and unforgettable places.
Our Pre-Prep pupils always represent an
important part of our whole-school events. We believe that it is essential to
get children involved in such occasions early on, as this inclusive approach makes
them feel rightly valued as individuals and as part of our tightly-knit
community. This short roundup of some of the Pre-Prep pupils’ impact on some of
our most notable annual events serves to highlight how our school endeavours to
give its younger pupils the chance to demonstrate their artistic and academic
skills, inline with the very best of international kindergarten education.
Christmas
shows: Our annual Christmas Concerts give the
younger pupils the chance to demonstrate their excellent singing voices and
choreographed group dances, usually while performing classic Christmas carols
and festive songs.
Chinese
New Year: Pre-Prep pupils joined the entire College
in celebrating Chinese New Year, performing their very own traditional songs
and dances, complete with gorgeously vibrant and colourful costumes and
artwork.
Science
Week: Intellectual curiosity starts at an early age
in Wellington, as the last two Science Week events have both witnessed our
Pre-Prep pupils eagerly and attentively watching experiments being performed,
before diving in themselves to get a hands-on scientific experience.
Alongside the development of academic
skills and capabilities, another facet of Wellington’s holistic education
approach is to instil in every pupil a set of values that will positively shape
their character and help them become the very best versions of themselves. The
Wellington College Values are those of courage, integrity, kindness, respect and responsibility, and the
process of instilling and developing these values begins the moment our pupils
join us, from the Early Years right up until they complete year 13.
As well as including Pre-Prep pupils in school-wide
events, we are always thinking of new and exciting ways to develop these
admirable character traits. One recent success story in this regard is our
class teddy bear initiative, with each Pre-Prep class naming, dressing and
accessorising their bear before taking them on adventures far beyond the
classroom. By giving each pupil the chance to look after the bear, we are
reinforcing their sense of kindness, respect and responsibility. Similarly, our
Pre-Prep teachers are actively involved in instilling a sense of good manners
and politeness in their pupils, in order to further strengthen the Wellington Values
that we hold in extremely high regard.
Parental support: Involving the parents at every stage
Finally, our approach to Pre-Prep education
includes developing a triangular pupil-parent-teacher relationship that is
stronger than you are likely to find in any other international kindergarten in Shanghai. We believe
that parents must continue to be an active part of their children’s education
during their formative school years, since what they learn in school should be
reinforced at home, and vice versa.
To that end, as well as regular parental
conferences and meetings to discuss progress and avoid any potential
difficulties or conflicts, we are continually trialling new methods of
encouraging positive parental involvement in Pre-Prep education. One of our
most recent and successful initiatives is the “Parent Reader” training
programme.
The idea was born out of our parents’
evident willingness to support their children with reading activities during
school time. In order to encourage and harness that willingness, we started a
training session with the aim of showing parents some of the basic expectations
of phonics, sight words and general reading skills that their children were in
the process of learning. Parents were taught to recognise some of the most
valuable reading milestones and to praise their children whenever they attained
them, in order to identify and reinforce the importance of their breakthrough.
In a very short space of time, what began as a parental support for reading
session quickly evolved into something much more ambitious and involved, with
pupils’ additional language, writing and oral-based skills being addressed and
explored at home by parents eager to help their children develop in any way
they could.
Continually developing our approach to Pre-Prep education
While we are rightly proud of the evident
success of our approach to giving young pupils the best possible start to their
formal education, we apply the same expectations to our teaching staff as we do
to our pupils. Therefore, utilising the same standards of intellectual curiosity
and inspiration that we aim to instil in our pupils, we are continually seeking
to deliver better, more relevant and more engaging methods of holistically
educating the children in our care. It is this driving aspiration to constantly
improve that has allowed Wellington to develop one of the best international kindergarten
educations in Shanghai.
5 articles you have to read about Chinese Market this week !
Baidu is in Trouble
China’s top internet search engine Baidu is facing abuse for hosting message boards containing pornography, libelous adverts and content for unlicensed nursing homes. The State Internet Information Office summoned Baidu executives for a grilling yesterday and ordered those to immediately take away the content. In addition, it purchased Internet regulators in Beijing, where Baidu is to be punished for the ongoing company.
China has one of the most connected countries in the world with about ten times more Internet users than French population.
The concept of being an online celebrity and earning huge amount of revenue through Internet is widely known in western countries. For example, if we take YouTube there are self-made millionaires such as Michelle Phan, discovery of artists (Justin Bieber) or even comedians (Lilly Singh) or game players. However, for China it is pretty new and this phenomenon is becoming less and less unusual.
China Beauty Expo: Focus on latest beauty trends of the Chinese market
The 21st edition of China Beauty Expo was held on 18-20 May 2016 in Shanghai and gathered both suppliers and brands on about 20,000 m2 in the Shanghai New International Exhibition Center. As far as suppliers are concerned, the show hosted more than 800 exhibitors with an increasing international participation. Regarding brands, the show revealed an increasing diversification of the skincare offering, the rise of the hair care category and, again, a strong interest for natural products.
Indonesia Invest in Tourism with Chinese Travelers
Some people might have known that Indonesia and China has the connection on its history many years ago. As the result, that connection can still be seen in nowadays life. That might be one reason why the ministry of tourism is trying to take more than 2.1 million of Chinese people to come to travel to Indonesia.In some ways, this might be a little bit awkward since the ministry is trying to take as many Chinese tourists as possible. However, if you take a look at the chance and the fact that the historical background has a kind of connection, that makes it very possible.
Last Thursday, Fashion’s collective, the fashion digital marketing reference has bring some informations about the digital strategy in China during its event « Cocktails & Conversations » that presented series of topics on adopting a global strategy for the chinese consummer.
Fashion’s collective, a company based in New York that focus on the learning of fashion and luxury brands that use digital marketing, has recently inaugurate its Shanghai office to welcome the brands that are looking for increasing their knowledges of marketing in China.
The discusion has featured many topics about how to optimizate social medias and e-commerce strategies. Booker and Buchwald have also present 7 suggestions on the digital strategy for fashion and luxury brands.
Tips to market a a brand in China
If you are not already on WeChat, do it. Booker has insist on the importance of this app that is realy efficient for doing digital marketing in China because she allows brands to win dividends when it’s used well. According to him, WeChat is working to be more efficient than Weibo in marketing. First of all, it’s not a newsfeed, as messages and shares wait that users open it and don’t dissapear if you travel for exemple. Besides, WeChat users are more reactive than in other social medias. They follow to be aware of the brands news, so you already know what they want. You will not spam them.
The luxury online trade is still young and in development. It’s a real succes in China, but according to Buchwald, many users prefere to buy luxury products directly in shops or with the help of mediators like in Taobao. The Chinese customer will take time to do some researches online but not for luxury goods. He recommands to the brands to focus on important details that will make the online buy esaier for chinese, with a quick and safe delivery, size informations, a quick website and accomodation for chinese payment methods.
« Mix-and-Match » is a popular editorial topic for chinese customers. Buchwald has precises they were ready to buy one or deux key investment pieces, and want to know how to associate them with their wardrobe.
The KOL’s (Key Opinion Leaders) are hard to hire but have an important promotional value. Booker has highlighted the benefits of being supported by a KOL on chinese social medias, and he doesn’t talk only about very notorious celebrities, but also notorious fashion bloggers. He notices that many of them are paid in function of the number of followers.
Both speakers have precized that the brands must constantly keep up with rapid changes. It’s possible that in ont year, the most used social platform doesn’t even exist today.
Some professionals believe that the goal of online branding is to have consumers continually recognize a brand. Others focus on integrating online branding with the overall brand experience of customers in relation to a company, product, or other branded entity. From this perspective, brand recognition is viewed as one component among many, such as brand differentiation (from competitors) and the "Collaboration Age" brand dialog facilitated by Internet and mobile communications. Website development is a key component of online branding as a website is used by companies and individuals to present products and services of a brand. Focusing on a website's appearance, functions, and company message to provide a positive experience to visitors is all part of online branding.Website development for online branding also includes utilizing a blog to generate content for readers interested in topics related to the brand. It has been both recommended and advised against to guest blog on other websites for the purpose of online branding.
Internation World of Mouth (IWOM) is one of the most valuable form of marketing, the one that consumers trust above all others and the one that is most likely to drive sales for a company. It’s using happy customers to promote a business. Its ai mis to provide customers with such an unbelievably amazing, life-affirming product or service that they can’t help but share their experience with firends, family, co-workers, and the random dude who sits at the bus stop every day with his exotic parrot.
Big Delta is the largest 3D printer in the world with a height of 12 meters. It will create clay houses.
3D printers are growing every week, but it's just mind blowing.
World's Advanced Saving Project
Earlier this week, 3D printing specialists WASP (World's Advanced Saving Project) announced that they would propose a 3D printer 12 meters high. Once it is built, the Big Dela will be the largest 3D printer on the planet.
3D printer of this size can build many things. But these designers have said it is specially designed to provide cheap houses. The concept is to use local materials such as earth or clay and build the house with an energy below 100 watts.
With a metal frame of 6 meters and a print stream that also functions as a mixer, the project WASP is a real mammoth in 3D printing. Considering these characteristics, Big Delta is perfectly suited to quickly build houses in areas affected by natural disasters.
providing a housing solution
But in addition to providing a housing solution in a crisis, WASP said Big Delta could also be used to provide cheap houses in densely populated areas. The United Nations estimates that the world needs 100,000 new houses per day for the next 15 years to cope with rapid population growth and the concentration of people in large cities. But WASP goes further by saying that in 2030, 4 billion people will need housing while their annual income is 3,000 dollars. And this Big Dela 3D printer can help in this housing crisis.
WASP is planning to unveil its revolutionary 3D printer during this weekend to prove its performance. It is not known the price of a house and maintenance of this printer, but this type of project is always interesting. There is a trend of increasingly strong to use 3D printing to create whole houses. Chinese had also proposed a solution that allowed to print a 3D house in 24 hours.
After unveiling a helicopter version of its Pro Line Fusion avionics suite at Heli Expo in Orlando (Florida) in March, Rockwell Collins is heading for China and specifically the China Helicopter Exposition lounge whose third edition is about to opened in Tianjin on 9 September.
The US supplier confirms its will to find new platforms in the rotorcraft industry for this avionics, which was chosen so far to equip mainly business aircraft.
Main value :
Aluminum was worth 1,622.50 dollars per tonne, against 1569.50 dollars.
Lead was worth 1.685 dollars per ton, against 1687.50 dollars.
Tin was worth 15,105 dollars per tonne, against 14,125 dollars.
Nickel was worth 9825 dollars per ton, against 9955 dollars.
Zinc was worth 1793 dollars per ton, against 1804 dollars.
Rockwell Collins
Rockwell Collins will present the Chinese living a demonstrator allowing vistors to "steal" on a helicopter equipped with the new avionics suite.
Pro Line Fusion includes graphical interfaces, intuitive icons and reconfigurable multi-function windows. It allows to reduce pilot workload to keep them focused on the task regardless of the flight conditions.
Note also that certification this summer by the FAA of the Pro Line Fusion biturboprop on the Beechcraft King Air 250 mark, Rockwell Collins, the first use of a touch screen at the PFD (primary flight display) of a commercial aircraft.
Prices of base metals traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME) have offered some respite, taking advantage of the closure of Chinese places to resume after plummeting last week.
First ballasted by disappointing economic indicators from China earlier this week, reviving concerns about the slowdown in the global economy and second largest base metal consumer in the world, the prices of industrial metals are then recovered slightly .
Investors were expecting a quiet week in the absence of Chinese operators, last week after trying for their nerves when the price of copper and aluminum had plunged to new lows in six years.
Chinese markets
Chinese markets were indeed closed Thursday and Friday because of the commemorations of the 70th anniversary of the Japanese surrender.
Yet "the basic metals market was more active than expected considering the absence of Chinese markets," noted analysts at Standard ICBC and the price of copper, nickel and aluminum in particular took the opportunity to recover.
"It will be interesting to see how the markets react to China (the increase) and if the momentum can be maintained", they tempered, however.
The recovery remains fragile copper
Copper prices reached their highest level since Thursday August 11, 5314 in dollars per tonne. But the foundations for a sustainable recovery of the red metal have yet to strengthen.
"A rise in copper inventories suggests that physical demand for this metal is currently quite low," said Caroline Bain, an analyst at Capital Economics.
At the end of August, copper stocks stored in the warehouses of LME soared to their highest level in a year and a half, to 371,000 tons.
Digital Agency in China Shanghai
Toute l'équipe de Gentlemen vous souhaite une bonne année 2015 ! Si vous souhaitez une belle petite vidéo , n'hésitez pas à nous droper un petit mail. ;-) ou la partager .
Posted by Marketing Chine on 2015年1月4日
Slowdown of China
Moreover, the slowdown in the real estate sector continues to weigh on copper, according to several analysts, although they expect that the measures taken by the Chinese government to stimulate the economy are beginning to have the effect on the demand for this metal.
Finally, with only 32,000 tons of production "lost" in August, the copper production on disturbances are actually rarer last month compared to July where supply in Zambia, Chile was particularly slow, according to Barclays.
Aluminium in China
Aluminum remains ballasted by a supply glut
The price of aluminum rose Thursday to their highest level since the end of July, to 1,641 dollars per tonne while operators cautiously returning to the market.
These days trade volumes have increased and exceeded the average of the past year, while prices stabilized and gained ground as Leon Westgate, an analyst at Standard ICBC.
But the market remains oversupplied and this should continue to weigh down short-term courses while global demand has increased.
"Before it becomes clear that producers will decrease their production, a significant rise in price of gold seems unlikely," concluded Ms. Bain.
In turn, the price of lead reached 1.744 dollars per ton Wednesday, its highest level in almost two weeks. The price of tin and zinc are mounted at a maximum since mid-August, respectively 15,365 dollars per tonne and dollars per tonne 1842.
On the LME, copper tonne for delivery in three months traded at 5.161 dollars Friday at 12:20 GMT, against 5086.50 dollars the previous Friday at 11:15 GMT.
read also http://china-market-research.blogspot.com/2015/08/tcl-on-comeback-trail-with-samsung.html http://china-market-research.blogspot.com/2015/07/microns-decision-to-discourage-buyout.html
Digital Marketing Barometer 2015 ". This study, conducted among 300 managers and marketing managers, focused on the following topics: How to optimize your digital campaigns? How to improve your mobile marketing initiatives? How to measure the effectiveness of your cross-channel actions? How to make your digital transformation? Invited to share their experiences, advertisers 3 sectors of very different activities spoke for more than an hour ...
what are the futur trends ?
Board Director at Atwim, drew a picture of future trends:
Part increasingly significant budget allocated to digital marketing;
Mobile applications very popular with more than one third of respondents claiming to devote the budget; Atwim The Email Marketing and short message is dead in China.
Wechat is the top levers privileges acquisition;
Improved customer insight through data. According to the study, two thirds of respondents are considering the data as a tool to improve customer knowledge.
The study also found that the "customer journey" becomes essential to optimize every stage and interaction provided of course to put the customer at the center of its marketing strategy. Another change, the digital no longer appears only as a vector of acquisition, it also strengthens the image of the brand explain this SEO Agency in Shanghai
The data, centerpiece with Sohu
Faced with the proliferation of digital channels and the explosion of data sources, companies sometimes have trouble measuring the effectiveness of their digital strategy. Indeed, it remains difficult to analyze, it is the interdependencies between the different channels. According to the barometer Digital Marketing, only one third of respondents have already aggregated the internal company data with external data.
Get more exposure and more Fans on Social media is the Challenge in China !
For if this pool of data is exponential, it represents a tremendous opportunity for marketers on both a business plan and in terms of customer knowledge. For a pure player like atwim, the organization is simplified. Ombline Coriolis, Global Head of Media at alibaba, said that "data is a masterpiece" and that "the external data is now integrated." As for traditional structures, it is still complicated. CRM and Internet Director of Club Med World group, is hoping a quick rapprochement between IT and marketing and personalization of off and online marketing operations. It also wants to offer more human through a mobile application and a bracelet connected with a logic customization, the bracelet is already a known object by customers of Club Med in China . Ditto for the main target which itself the goal of becoming ever more powerful and more agile and in step with the times. Today, Vincent , Marketing and Client Management in China in the company L'Oreal wants better use of the data to obtain a more accurate sequential work but also bring more attention to the human.
Digital Marketing, global communication online
What is really Digital marketing ... according to Wikipedia is an umbrella term for the targeted, measurable, and interactive marketing of products or services using digital technologies to reach and convert client .
The key target is to promote brands, build preference and increase sales through various forms of digital media and tools. It is embodied by an extensive selection of service, product and brand marketing strategy , which mainly use the Internet as a core promotional medium, in addition to mobile and traditional TV and radio, and internet(in CHina)
Digital marketing concepts and practice are evolving tremendously among several industries, especially by the leading companies among each industry utilizing the mass reach of digital tools and social media platforms, benefiting from the possibility to create individually tailored approach that can achieved at a very productive cost
Digital marketing includes Internet marketing techniques, such as search engine optimization (SEO), on baidu in China search engine marketing (SEM) , content marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, campaign marketing and e-commerce marketing. It also extends to non-Internet channels that provide digital media, such as mobile phones (both SMS and MMS), callback and on-hold mobile ring tones, social media marketing,e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e–books, optical disks and games, and any other form of digital media
The mobile audience poised to outperform the web
Besides the data, cross-channel has a real added value for the business, it helps to understand how your customers interact with your brand and maximizes the impact of your marketing actions. At Tencent, cross-channel is present and many levers are operated. The push banner within the customer safe spaces is what works best. Obviously, email marketing, SMS and targeting are also widely used. In addition, mail remains a vital lever for powerful and outgoing calls. Wechat, whose average Chinese customer age is 20 to 35 years, promotes as mobile communication, customers are essentially of mobile users.
Moreover, according to ibrands invested 72% in the mobile App In 30% of the mobile web and web in 2015.
Although awareness is done widely felt, the mobile channel is still underexploited by traditional companies. Yet the study of chinese insurance published in January 2015 revealed that 4 times more smartphones were sold than PCs in 2014 and the mobile audience is about to exceed that of the web. Of course, Jack Ma ensures they work there and that 30% of marketing expenditures are already devoted to mobile.
Conclusion : Marketers in china know that today's technology offers a tremendous opportunity to measure his actions. Nevertheless, the digital transformation may seem even harder to implement. Indeed, a lot of data to be analyzed and businesses do not always have the internal expertise to carry only this type of project. In addition, the mobile forces us to think of new services and experiences, in fact, offer a mobile quality of experience for its users has become essential. Finally, the customer has become volatile, it is necessary to follow the user lifecycle and understand how to strengthen the synergy between the various existing levers.
For, to bring value, usefulness, the company must know the needs and expectations of its consumers to respond, or do better
Please tell us what’s on your mind, such as article ideas, advertising queries, joining our team, criticisms and more
Analysts have warned us for some time that China's smartphone market is down, and today we have the most convincing evidence that the dynamics of the buyer move in the country.
A new IDC report says smartphone shipments in the last quarter fell for the first time in nine years.
The research firm tracking 98.8 million smartphones shipped in Q1 2015 - which is down 4 percent year on year and by 8 percent on the previous quarter. IDC suggested that the excess inventory from the previous quarter was partly to blame. (This is something we heard in India earlier this year.)
"China is often seen as an emerging market, but the reality is that the vast majority of phones sold in China are now smartphones, similar to other mature markets like the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Japan, "said Kitty Fok IDC in a statement.
As a result, smartphone makers will have a more difficult challenge of finding new growth, as they will need to convince the owners of existing smartphones to spend money to upgrade their existing phone.
Apple takes top spot
This is much more difficult than converting a buyer for the first time.
Nevertheless, the Chinese smartphone market is enormous. The largest in the world. Not surprisingly, given its latest blockbuster quarter in China, Apple took the top spot in the country, according to IDC.
The Apple company has set forward with 14.7 percent of the total shipments in China, just ahead Xiaomi (13.7 percent) and Huawei (11.4 percent). Samsung (9.7 percent) and Lenovo / Motorola (8.3 percent) completed the top five. However, IDC warned that "the volatility of the brand consumer preference", rankings will be subject to rapid change and evolution
China, the world’s largest smartphone market, saw shipment volumes fall 4.3 per cent in Q1 to 98.8 million units, the first time in six years that the market has declined year-on-year.
Hiring an SEO firm can be stressful, specially in India. With prices ranging anywhere from a few hundred to tens of thousands of dollars per month, depending on your specific needs, it is difficult to hear a SEO company tell you that it will take a few months before you can expect to see results. How do you know if they make a real job, or rip you off? India firm are not all reliable
SEO in India why how ?
If you hired an SEO firm before and had a bad experience, you have the added anxiety to anxiety as you go through the hiring process again. In these circumstances, it is perfectly understandable that you would be attracted to the idea of a guarantee. Other service companies, auto mechanics, companies offer guarantees to shipping, so why not SEO companies?
As the owner of an SEO company, I was tempted to offer guarantees myself. Not my clients deserve a warranty? And would not it be great for marketing? It would help customers who are hesitant about the risk involved with SEO decide to use us instead of a competitor does not offer a guarantee, right? But several years ago when I started to look for SEO guarantees, I found reasons to be reluctant to offer myself. The first reason can be found in my spam filter, and probably yours too. Here is a view of what I see in mine:
Almost all companies now must decide how much to spend on the optimization of search engines (SEO). This is not such a issue. Robust online marketing is essential for survival in a world centered on the Web.
The question all business professionals must ask is: "How are we going to spend on SEO" Keep reading for all the information you need to make this decision, as well as some tips on how SEO agencies are working so that you can succeed as you forge a crucial partnership with an online marketing company.
SEO payment models with Indian companies
To understand the dollars and cents described below, you must understand the payment models used by the agencies. SEO agencies typically offer four main forms of services and payment: monthly deduction: In this model, customers pay a fixed amount each month in exchange for a range of agreed services. The monthly allowance is the most common payment model because it provides the greatest return on investment. Monthly retainer arrangements usually include regular analytical reports, content improvements to the site, press releases, link building, keyword research and optimization.
Contractual services at fixed prices: Almost all SEO agencies sell contractual services. Often before the customer is willing to commit a monthly retainer, they will select service contracts they want to have done. The services that an SEO agency deals are often advertised on their website, with a price. A typical example of this audit is a SEO and website that can help to identify strengths and weaknesses in the existing online presence of the customer, competitor analysis, as well as keywords that have the greatest potential to return ROI positive.
Project by price: Project costs are similar to contract services with the exception that they are custom projects created specifically for a client. Prices vary depending on the project. For example, a small local cake shop may ask an SEO agency to help them with their local online marketing. The customer decides they want the agency to establish their social media accounts. The Cupcake activity and SEO agency to decide on the scope and cost of the project.
Hourly Hint: This model is a familiar board hourly rate for services or information.
Most SEO agencies use these payment models. Similarly, customers can work with an agency using more than one model. For example, a customer may choose to enter a monthly retainer, the purchase of a service contract, and engage in a special project with the agency, thus entering three payment models.
Typical SEO costs
So what should you expect to pay?
Here is an overview of the costs of the program according to the payment models described above.
Monthly fee: $ 750 to 5.000 per month. In this range, the amount the customer pays depends on the size of their business and the scope of services provided by the agency. On the lower end of the spectrum are small SEO agencies that offer a limited range of services. On the top line are companies with greater needs for working with full service SEO agencies. Most companies pay between $ 2,500 and $ 5,000 for a monthly retainer.
Contractual services at fixed prices: price variables. Companies that simply test the waters in SEO usually choose a contract of service as an entry point. Typical contractual services include things like SEO copywriting (0.15- $ 0.50 / word), Site content verification ($ 500- $ 7.500), the binding profile audit ($ 500- $ 7500), and site configuration social media ($ 500- $ 3000).
Project by price: variable prices. Since there are a variety of projects, there is a wide range of prices. Most of the projects cost $ 1,000 to $ 30,000.
Consultation Hourly rate: 100-300 $ / hr. SEO consultants, either individuals or agencies usually charge between $ 100 and $ 300 an hour.
(Some of these figures are drawn from a survey of 500 consultants SEOmoz and bodies 2011.)
Things you should be wary of
Any discussion of SEO agencies and price is not complete without a few caveats. To help protect against blind SEO agencies with business practices unethical, read and observe. Beware of the following promises:
Guarantees. SEO usually can not provide guarantees due to the constant evolution of the industry.
Instant results. Certainly some SEO tactics can get instant results "" by the game system. Be warned that these can hurt you in the long run. Instant results often involve practices which are against SEO webmaster guidelines set by search engines. Invariably, Google seeks these techniques and penalizes resulting in lost rankings that can take months to recover.
# 1 spot on Google. If an agency promises you the number one spot on Google, it looks great. I hope you'll be able to get it. However, this is not something that a company can promise to deliver to you.
India= reduce the cost but quality ?
Reduced costs of $ 750 / month. When it comes to SEO, you are not shopping for the lowest price; you are looking for the best level of service. Beware bargain prices and "incredible deals."
Shady link building services. Link building is a crucial part of SEO. You can not have a highly ranked website without incoming links. But there is a dark side of link building. Confidence link to appear gaining importance in the ranking. Before entering into an agreement with an SEO agency for link building services, ensuring that their link building services are services of ethical labels, white. You may even want to ask them where they may be able to gain links to a company in your industry.
Things to keep in mindr
As you start shopping for SEO agencies and making your decision, consider the following points:r />
SEO takes time. A monthly deduction is best. Think of SEO as a long term investment. Aggressive campaigns and large outbreaks can have their place, but the most lasting SEO results come from a long-term relationship.
In SEW Mark Jackson wrote, "The real value SEO efforts are generally is not realized in the first month (s) of the effort." That is true. SEO waving a magic wand and get instant results. Instead, they perform important operations that will produce results months on the road.
SEO is changing, and your rankings will change too. The field is full of competitors, and ranking up and down with the change of the algorithms and the entry of new competitors. SEO one-and-done tricks just does not. It must be constantly monitored to keep your website ranking well and running at high-end level.
Not all SEO services are created equal. Again, SEO is not about to shop for the lowest prices. It is about finding the best agency you can. Find an SEO agency that defines its scope of services, and takes the time to learn.
SEO is important. Do it. The point of your website is to increase and / or improve your business. If people find your site, it is not even worth having one. The smartest thing is to pay what it takes to keep your site findable by people who are looking.
Hiring an SEO agency is best. You may think, "I can not do this thing any SEO on my own?" A small percentage of business owners and professionals have the skill and savvy to do their own SEO. Even so, complete SEO takes a lot longer than most business owners can afford. Even an employee who "knows a lot about SEO," will struggle to provide the level of service and excellence found in a SEO agency. You will rarely come out on top if you try to go it alone, and you will Never the same level of return on investment than you would with a competent SEO agency.
You Decide
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For most businesses today, SEO is the ROI marketing effort higher. Its benefits exceed the value of other marketing approaches - direct mail, broadcast advertising, online classified ads, etc.
No longer companies to decide if they need SEO services. Instead, they decide how much they will spend. As they choose quality SEO agency, their decision will lead to incredible amounts of income.
You can decide how much it's worth to you.
Well, the Internet search engines are much smarter now. So are their scams. Google PageRank system is the way to determine which sites are most applicable and useful for each search term. The task of a SEO specialist is to make a page as appropriate and useful as possible, improving its rank. As service providers, many SEO companies offer the stars and the moon when it comes to SEO, but few will be able to deliver sustainable change they promise. So when you choose an SEO firm, you will have to remove by many empty promises to find a specialist trustworthy.
Noah Lehmann-Haupt, president and founder of Gotham Dream Cars based in New York, is an engine optimization expert in self research. It's not that he had a huge amount of interest in SEO, it just never felt he could trust anyone else with this site.
"Being an SEO company is a bit like being a graphic designer does not take much to call yourself a designer ;. Anyone who buys a copy of Photoshop and suddenly they're a graphic designer, "he said." It is difficult to separate is really an SEO firm, which will be a black hat spammer. "
We mapped what you should and should not look for in a SEO company to help you get the greatest return on investment of your Google rank improvement.
Choosing an SEO Firm: Starting Your Search
Would not it be great if you could just Google "SEO company" and choose one of the top ten companies that back? They practice what they preach, they must be good right?
Yes, good and cheap.
"Some of the largest SEO companies have $ 50,000 minimum per month," said Elizabeth Osmeloski, editor based in Salt Lake City Search Engine Land. The fact is, your small business probably does not need the top SEO company a powerful force. You just need the company that works hardest for you at a reasonable price.
There are some places where you can start for recommendations. Ask other business owners who you trust and work with. Ask suppliers you found through a Google search - after all, you found them, did you? Check SEO groups and online forums such as Search Engine Marketing Professional Organization, a high ranking and Search Engine Guide.
"They recommend independent people who have small minimums, said Osmeloski.
Avoid any SEO company that bombard you with phone calls and emails or promise you a place to # 1 Google. These people are probably just giving you a place paid ads in Google, which is not the same as a top ranking in organic search engine.
Lehmann-Haupt also warns against companies that claim to have "proprietary method" of optimization. 'This probably means they unscrupulous methods, he said. "There is no special sauce, and there is no secret method.
It is important to protect yourself against people who may be simply because spammers, Lehmann-Haupt said: "Google is run by a group of very smart guys who spend their entire lives being smarter and more able to defeat the cheats . "The last thing you want is to get kicked out of the Google index.
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Another important consideration is whether or not you want your company to be local so you can have conversations and face-to-face. Lehmann-Haupt said, "I would like to start the search by Googling 'New York SEO" and search for reviews online. "
While you do not have to limit yourself to SEO companies in your area, it's almost a necessity to find an SEO company that is comfortable to work with small and medium enterprises and has work experience in your niche.
"I only worked in the travel industry when I consult with businesses, because I travel a fair amount of background and understand the business problems facing marketing," says Osmeloski. "There are many SEO companies that have a history with various vertical markets, whether local plumbers and detail.
To learn more about their past experiences, of course, you'll have to explore their references and reviews, which we explain below.
Probe: 5 Secrets to Selecting very effective keywords
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Choosing an SEO Firm: Budget and costs
The first thing you need to consider before you look fresh is how much you can actually afford to pay. Fees vary across the board, so it is important for you to have a figure in mind and find a reliable SEO company or consultant who can work on your budget.
"There are SEO consultants who are just starting that could only charge $ 50 to $ 100 per hour or charge a flat rate per month," says Osmeloski, adding to opt for a freelance SEO specialist is often more " cost "of the road sign with an agency.
Companies may ask you to pay by the Web page, on time, by the project, or request a pre-determined amount of money to cover the cost of their work for the month.
Some may even require a percentage of income you earn as a result of their work. Osmeloski said that this is one of the most reliable means of payment. If the company has an interest in your success, she said, "you can have some confidence that the SEO company will work as hard as possible for you, against collection of a lump sum each month and not necessarily put their most creative foot forward. "
Remember, SEO is an ongoing process, so ask the company or consultant how much it will cost to maintain the site once the major changes were made.
Do we need to hire an SEO company in India
Choosing an SEO Firm: Reports and Communications
Once you've determined how much you can reasonably expect to pay, you should ask the firm how much you can expect to be paid. What is the return on investment and how does the company plan to follow?
"They should give you updates and reports, because if they are not, they can be things to do than Google does not approve that may have a short-term gain but long-term loss" Lehmann-Haupt said.
Discuss techniques considering the company on the implementation. Some basic steps they should take to optimize your search rankings include keyword optimization, title and evaluation of the link and the strengthening of links to other sites.
"You have to dive into what their techniques are said Lehmann-Haupt," and they will not tell you what their techniques are, you should assume the worst. "
Ask them how many times you will receive progress reports and that monitoring of the processes they have in place to prove your ROI. Osmeloski said some of these monitoring techniques may include monitoring the number of requests by e-mail, newsletter sign-ups and phone calls you receive.
Make sure that these measures are clearly stated from the beginning and you have a communication plan in place before moving forward and ask for references.
Probe: How to Hire an SEO consultant
Choosing an SEO Firm: Running a background check
Most SEO companies have testimonials on their site, but they are not the references of interest, as they are likely the greatest achievements of the company. Want to hear customers throughout-the-mill to see how the SEO firm performs across the board. Ask for the names and numbers of at least three companies for an honest opinion.
Ask their customers how long it was before he had seen an increase in cases related to the search engine. Whether they were satisfied with the company's level of communication has given them. Did they follow through all the promises they have made from the beginning?
If the client you speak with has been particularly successful, ask them how much they paid for this success and how much it cost to maintain it.
Also check out the Better Business Bureau and Ripoff Report to ensure that the company you are considering has a clean reputation. It might also be worth checking company's own page ranking to see how it manages its own SEO. While this might be something you want to consider, you do not put too much weight on the results.
Be carreull with copy past and bad quality links
"A lot of SEO organizations are so busy, they do not have the time to work on their own website says Osmeloski. "It's the old adage about the children of the shoemaker.
Lehmann-Haupt agrees: "Only ten enterprises may be in the top ten results, so that's not necessarily a fair trial ... If I ran an SEO firm, I probably would not even try to have my own company in the top ten because the cost ratio and the effort is not worth it sometimes. "
Googling the company name should give you lots of notice, at least alert you as to whether or not the company uses underhanded methods.
If you go through the review process and find that you are either unable to pay an SEO firm or think you could do it yourself, why not give it a try?
Lehmann-Haupt learned the skills they need to succeed in doing research using SEO techniques sites like Digital Point Forums and Chat.
"Read about the subject," he suggests. "There is a very large community of people who do it on the Internet and there''sa lot of information out there."
Osmeloski said, depending on the size of your business, and how it is specific to a region, you may not even need to worry about your keywords and links. Sometimes update your directory listings can make in this business-related research. And bases are easy to make yourself.
"Make sure your ads are Google Places. Bing offers a similar service," she said. "Make sure they have your local phone number, and put it on Yellow Pages as well. It takes maybe a few hours worth of work, and a mom and pop shop, it would solve a lot of issues . "
Whatever path you choose, make sure you re-evaluate your research strategies every six to twelve months. Search engines will continue to evolve, change and become more sophisticated. If you want to be successful in the long run, you will need to change, too.
If you are an indian SEO companies, you can introduce your company in comment with added value content please.
Before you start to conquer the Chinese web, it is important to understand the Chinese market and the digital world, fundamentally different from that which was used to know in the West. So you have to get familiar with the Chinese web and its biggest players: Baidu, the leading search engine in China, Sina Weibo, the equivalent of Twitter and one of the most influential social networks in China, WeChat, the mobile application for instant messaging Tencent group, Alibaba, giant Chinese e-commerce, Youku, China's Youtube etc. Due to censorship by the government, ubiquitous on the web, domestic players have priority, and some major players in the Western web are made inaccessible (that is for example the case of Facebook, Google, Youtube).
2 - Call for partners
Due to its specificity, the Chinese web access is difficult for a foreign company with no knowledge and experience in the field. Actors and web mechanisms are fundamentally different. Seek or partners with whom to cooperate, such as a digital marketing agency based in China, can prove to be a wise choice.
It will advise you on the priorities to be performed on the mistakes not to make and is useful in the early months of activity.
3 - A Chinese website
To get a place on the Chinese web, a website is the basis of any strategy. Your website should be translated into Chinese and must meet the standards of the country in this field. The websites in China are not like our western sites: they are responsible for information, images and text, and color codes are different. The homepage is particularly very important, both for Baidu for users: it must contain a maximum of information and clearly present the activity of the company and its offer so that it is no need to visit other pages to understand the concept and value of the site. The home page so has the role to capture the attention of consumers. To successfully design your site to this new clientele, the two golden rules are: inspire the design of the most influential Chinese web sites and find the balance between the culture of your company and the the country.
A website in Chinese - Yoda
Yoda, a Chinese website dedicated to cosmetics
4 - An accommodation in China
It is advisable to host its website in China or Hong Kong to have a successful site. Indeed, the priority is given to national sites; China sites hosted outside are very slow to open and slow to navigation and there are risks they are censored by the Chinese government. You can even charge you for hosting your site or hire a company specialized in the field, such as Hi China. It is recommended to use multi-line services, regardless of the host used. .
Shipowners who place orders for China-made ships, engines and axles must get better funding and some key enterprises will be allowed to issue corporate bonds, the State Council said in a statement released yesterday . Chinese manufacturers do not have a strong innovation, while overcapacity persists, the statement dated July 31 said.
China may have a third of its more than 1,600 meters Stop in about five years, according to Wang Jinlian, president of the industry association. The sector is among those iron and steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum and plate glass must accelerate the gradual elimination of overcapacity, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
"It seems that the government wants to appease the publishing sector support plan because it can not afford to see social unrest caused by failures or large-scale job losses," said Lawrence Li, a Shanghai-based analyst at UOB-Kay Hian Holdings Ltd. "However, the government did not explicitly say how it would help manufacturers and what kind of projects are key."
control capacity
China Rongsheng Heavy Industries
China Rongsheng Heavy Industries Group Holdings Ltd. (1101), the largest shipbuilder outside state control by the backlog, reported last month, it posted a net loss in the first half and said that it sought financial support from the government and shareholders after a dip in orders strained cash flows. The company has also agreed to issue convertible bonds to raise a net 1.38 billion Hong Kong dollars ($ 178 million) for working capital and to support the development of its offshore engineering business.
Rongsheng Shares jumped as much as 2.1 percent today, and he was traded up 1 percent to 97 Hong Kong cents from 9:32
The plan of the State Council also called on local governments to support innovation shipbuilders, strictly control new building, promotion of high-end products and stabilize international market share in the industry with more funding importantly, the statement said.
Companies need to be convinced that
"the potential of the internal market remains relatively high," the statement said. Besides limiting new shipbuilding capacity, the government is encouraging mergers and acquisitions and the pooling of resources in the industry, the statement said.
Contracts
Thirty-eight percent of sites in China has not been awarded contracts for new ships last year, and 10 percent had no deliveries scheduled beyond the end of this year, the naval unit Brokerage based in London, ICAP Plc said in a report sent by e-mail on December 24
The government has also pledged to investigate the securitization of loans to builders', the statement said.
In this plan, the Chinese government said it will promote the development of offshore engineering equipment such as drilling platforms and large tankers.
It is anticipated that the construction market of the global offshore and onshore plant to raise $ 1.26 trillion in 2017 to 989 billion dollars in 2012, according to the Ministry of Knowledge of South Korea. The oil and gas offshore market can represent 26 percent of this, the ministry said in a statement on January 7.
Earlier than expected demolition of old ships is another part of the plan, according to the statement, he asked for more military and civilian cooperation in the design and development vessel.
Policies
Authorities and local agencies should formulate policies to support and ensure the timely completion of targets, the statement said, without giving specific targets.
According to the five-year economic plan of the government which runs until 2015, the objectives for the sector include improving standards of shipbuilding and the development of products with high added value.
The combined profits of 80 major shipbuilders controlled by the China Association of National Shipbuilding Industry declined 54 percent in the first half of the year to 3.58 billion yuan ($ 584 million)
About 464 shipyards in China
About 464 shipyards in China, won 18.7 million tonnes deadweight orders worth $ 14.3 billion last year, the lowest since 2004, according to Clarkson Plc (CKN) the largest ship broker in the world. This compares to contracts with a value of 14.6 million tonnes to 29.6 billion received by 88 meters in South Korea, the second largest shipbuilding nation in the world.
We know that French are really attached to some values of their
gastronomy like for example wine, dry sausage or cheese. The stereotypes about
French people are thus mostly true.
When French travel abroad for different reasons, for tourism or for
business, it is really hard for them to find products which represent their
cuisine especially in countries where the culture is really different (Asian
countries, emerging countries).
If we now look closely to the cheese, we see that there is two ways
of see the situation. Either the cheese is simply not available in supermarkets
that is the case for India for example, either it is possible to find French
cheese but the prices are expensive. We can take here the example of China
where the French cheese is mainly in hypermarkets such as Carrefour. A last
alternative is to order directly online via online supermarkets which develop
themselves slowly and which propose a wide range of cheese at reasonable prices
(click here for more information).
The reasons of the difficulty to find cheese are pretty obvious. It
is because of cultural differences concerning the gastronomy between China and
France. Even if we can think that the globalization brings a lot of news things
in many countries, the main culinary trends of chinese people will be slow to
change because the ways of consumption are different.
The market is here
We note, however, some
progress,withsomecheese infoodfairsand ifwe analyzethe figureswe see that thecheese marketis booming. Indeed,there is a
growth of 22% for the year 2012.Countries
that exporttheirmostcheese areNew Zealand, Australia and the United States. France, is behindbutcatching upher lateness. Be careful thoughconcerning thedifferent foodscandals that havehitChinain recent times,cheeserequiresoptimal storage conditionsandimproper storageof
itmay causediseases.
Just as it was thecase forthe wine, it is important to educatethe palate ofChineseto help them discoverthisrather unusual product. TheChinesewill not
necessarilylove atfirst sight.
Therearedifferent
types ofcheeses fromdifferent
countries.SomeFrenchcheesesare very strong anditmay notbeto start withthem.Again,if wewere todraw
a parallelwith the wine,you
could say itis beginning to emergeseveralexperts fromFrenchcheese andabroadto introduceChinesein
the manufacturing processbutalsoto the taste.
